Simultaneous Elections (One Nation One Election)

Definition:

Holding Lok Sabha and State legislative assembly elections together to reduce frequency and costs.

History

• Held in 1951-52, 1957, 1962, 1967.
• Schedule broke after 1967, not realigned since.

Recent Development

Highlighted in 2014 by PM Modi. A committee headed by Ram Nath Kovind examined the issue.

Key Suggestions by Ram Nath Kovind Panel

Stepwise Process:

1. 1st Step: Lok Sabha and state assembly elections.
2. 2nd Step: Local body elections within 100 days.
3. Hung House: Fresh elections for remaining term only.

Constitutional Amendments Needed:

• Articles 83 and 172 for duration of Parliament and State legislatures.

Ratification by States Required:

• Article 324A for simultaneous panchayat and municipal elections.
• Article 325 for a common electoral roll and voter ID.

Arguments in Favour

• Cost Saving: Reduces election expenditure.
• Governance Continuity: Avoids frequent Moral Code of Conduct periods.
• Manpower Efficiency: Frees manpower from extended election duties.
• Focus on Governance: Less time spent in election mode.

Arguments Against

• Logistical Challenges: Difficult coordination of schedules and resources.
• Regional Issues Overshadowed: National issues may dominate over state issues.

Way Ahead

• Improved Governance: Synchronized elections will enhance transparency and voter confidence.
• 22nd Law Commission: Expected to recommend simultaneous elections by 2029.